Urinary stones are a group of chemical substances present within the body. Usually, urine contains many dissolved  chemical substances. A specific concentration of these chemicals in the urine causes them to crystallize, thus leading to the formation of stones. They may be smooth, jagged, or spiky and can be single or multiple. This disorder is present more frequently in middle-aged people, with men being afflicted more often than women. A cystolitholapaxy is a surgical procedure used to treat bladder stones, which are hard deposits of minerals that can form inside the bladder. During a cystolitholapaxy, an instrument called a cystoscope is inserted into the bladder to locate the bladder stone or stones. The cystoscope is like a tiny telescope. Urinary bladder stones can be present anywhere along the urinary tract starting from the kidneys to the urethra but are more commonly located in the kidney and the ureter. Depending on the chemical composition, the stones may vary in consistency, size, and number.